| Recipients | YEAR | Subject |
|
Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff (1852-1911) |
1901 | Laws of chemical dynamics and of osmotic pressure. |
|
Emil Hermann Fischer (1852-1919) |
1902 | Sugar and purine synthesis |
|
Svante August Arrhenius (1859-1927) |
1903 | Theory of electrolytic dissociation |
|
William Ramsay (1852-1916) |
1904 | Discovery of Noble Gases and their placement in the Periodic Table |
|
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917) |
1905 | Organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds |
|
Ferdinand-Frédérick Henri Moissan (1852-1907) |
1906 | Investigation and isolation of the element fluorine and for the electric furnace which bears his name |
|
Eduard Buchner (1860-1917) |
1907 | Biochemical research: cell-free fermentation |
|
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) |
1908 | Disintegration of elements; chemistry of radioactive substances |
|
Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932) |
1909 | Catalysis; fundamental principles of chemical equilibria and rates of reaction |
|
Otto Wallach (1847-1931) |
1910 | Alicyclic compounds |
|
Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867-1934) |
1911 | Discovery of radium and polonium; isolation of radium and study of its compounds |
|
Françoise August Victor Grignard (1871-1935) |
1912 | Grignard reagent |
|
Paul Sabatier (1854-1941) |
1912(also!) | Hydrogenation of organic compounds in presence of finely divided metals |
|
Alfred Werner (1866-1919) |
1913 | Structure of inorganic (complex) compounds |
|
Theodore William Richards (1868-1928) |
1914 | Exact determination of atomic weights |
|
Richard Martin Willstätter (1872-1942) |
1915 | Plant pigments, especially chlorophyll |
|
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1916 |
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1917 |
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Fritz Haber (1868-1934) |
1918 | Synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen |
|
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1919 |
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Hermann Walther Nernst (1864-1941) |
1920 | Thermochemistry |
|
Frederick Soddy (1877-1956) |
1921 | Radioactive substances; origin and nature of isotopes |
|
Francis William Aston (1877-1945) |
1922 | Discovery via mass spectrograph of isotopes of many non-radioactive elements; enunciation of whole-number rule |
|
Fritz Pregl (1869-1930) |
1923 | Microanalysis of organic substances |
|
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1924 |
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Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (1865-1929) |
1925 | Methods for demonstration of heterogeneity of colloidal suspensions |
|
Theodor Svedberg (1884-1971) |
1926 | Disperse systems |
|
Heinrich Otto Wieland (1877-1971) |
1927 | Constitution of bile acids and related substances |
|
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (1876-1959) |
1928 | Constitution of sterols and their relationship to vitamins |
|
Arthur Harden (1865-1940) Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (1873-1964) |
1929 | Fermentation of sugar; related enzymes |
|
Hans Fischer (1881-1945) |
1930 | Constitution of hemin and chlorophyll; synthesis of hemin |
|
Carl Bosch (1874-1940) Friedrich Bergius (1884-1949) |
1931 | Invention and development of high-pressure methods |
|
Irving Langmuir (1881-1957) |
1932 | Surface chemistry |
|
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1933 |
|
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Harold Clayton Urey (1893-1981) |
1934 | Heavy hydrogen (deuterium) |
|
Irène Joliot-curie (1897-1956) Jean Frédéric Joliot (1900-1958) |
1935 | Synthesis of new radioactive elements |
|
Peter Joseph William Debye (1884-1966) |
1936 | Molecular structure: studies using dipole moment, x-ray and electron diffraction of gases |
|
Walter Norman Haworth (1883-1950) |
1937 | Carbohydrates and vitamin C |
|
Paul Karrer (1889-1971) |
1937(also!) | Carotinoids, flavins, and vitamins A and B |
|
Richard Kuhn (1900-1967) |
1938 | Carotinoids and vitamins |
|
Adolf Butenandt (1903- ) |
1939 | Mammalian sex hormones |
|
Leopold Stephen Ruzicka (1887-1976) |
1939(also!) | Polymethylenes and higher terpenes |
| |
1940 | |
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1941 |
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1942 |
|
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George Charles Hevesy (1885-1966) |
1943 | Isotopes as tracers in chemical processes |
|
Otto Hahn (1879-1968) |
1944 | Fission of heavy nuclei |
|
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (1895-1973) |
1945 | Agricultural and nutrition chemistry; method for preservation of animal fodder |
|
James Batcheller Sumner (1887-1955) |
1946 | Enzymes can be crystallized |
|
John Howard Northrop (1891-1987) Wendell Meredith Stanley (1904-1971) |
1946(also!) | Preparation of pure enzymes and virus proteins |
|
Robert Robinson (1886-1975) |
1947 | Important plant-derived compounds, particularly the alkaloids |
|
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (1902-1975) |
1948 | Electrophoresis; analysis by adsorption; nature of proteins in serum |
|
William Francis Giauque (1895-1982) |
1949 | Substances, chemical thermodynamics at extremely low temperatures |
|
Otto Paul Hermann Diels (1876-1954) Kurt Alder (1902-1958) |
1950 | Diene synthesis |
|
Glen Theodore Seaborg (1912-1996??) Edwin Mattison McMillan (1907- ?? ) |
1951 | Chemistry of transuranium elements |
|
Archer John Porter Martin (1910- ?? ) Richard Laurence Millington Synge (1914- ?? ) |
1952 | Partition chromatography |
|
Hermann Staudinger (1881-1965) |
1953 | Macromolecular chemistry |
|
Linus Pauling (1901- ?? ) |
1954 | The nature of the chemical bond; structure of complex substances |
|
Vincent du Vigneaud (1901-1978) |
1955 | Sulfur biocompounds; first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone |
|
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1897-1967) Nikolai Nikolaevich Semenov (1896-1986) |
1956 | Mechanisms of reactions |
|
Alexander Robertus Todd (1907- ?? ) |
1957 | Nucleotides and nucleotide coenzymes |
|
Frederick Sanger (1918- ?? ) |
1958 | Structure of proteins (insulin) |
|
Jaroslav Heyrovsky (1890-1967) |
1959 | Invention of polarography |
|
Willard Frank Libby (1908-1980) |
1960 | Carbon-14 dating |
|
Melvin Calvin (1911- ?? ) |
1961 | Carbon dioxide assimilation in plants |
|
John Cowdery Kendrew (1917- ?? ) Max Ferdinand Perutz (1914- ?? ) |
1962 | Structure of globular proteins |
|
Karl Ziegler (1898-1973) Guilio Natta (1903-1979) |
1963 | Chemistry and technology of high polymers |
|
Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910- ?? ) |
1964 | Structures of important biochemical substances by X-ray techniques |
|
Robert Burns Woodward (1917-1979) |
1965 | Organic synthesis |
|
Robert Sanderson Mulliken (1896-1986) |
1966 | Molecular Orbitals, chemical bonds and electronic structures in molecules |
|
Manfred Eigen (1927- ?? ) Ronald George Wreyford Norrish (1897-1978) George Porter (1920- ?? ) |
1967 | Fast chemical reactions, studied by disturbing an equilibrium with short pulses of energy |
|
Lars Onsager (1903-1976) |
1968 | Onsager equation and its application to thermodynamics of irreversible processes ??? |
|
Derek Harold Richard Barton (1918- ?? ) Odd Hassel (1897-1981) |
1969 | Chemical applications of theory of conformation (?) |
|
Luis Federico Leloir (1906- ?? ) |
1970 | Discovery of sugar nucleotides and their importance in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates |
|
Gerhard Herzberg (1904- ?? ) |
1971 | Electronic structure and geometry of molecules and free radicals |
|
Christian Boehmer Anfinsen (1916- ???) |
1972 | Ribonuclease; the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation |
| Stanford Moore (1913-1982) William Howard Stein (1911-1980) |
1972 (also!) | Connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active center of the ribonuclease molecule |
|
Ernst Otto Fischer (1918- ??) Geoffrey Wilkinson (1921- ?? ) |
1973 | Organometallic "sandwich" compounds |
|
Paul John Flory (1910-1985) |
1974 | Physical chemistry of macromolecules |
|
John Warcup Cornforth (1917- ?? ) Vladimir Prelog (1906- ?? ) |
1975 |
Stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions Stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions |
|
William Nunn Lipscomb (1919- ?? ) |
1976 | Boranes; bonding and structure |
|
Ilya Prigogine (1917- ) |
1977 | Theory of dissipative structures as applied to nonequilibrium thermodynamics |
|
Peter Dennis Mitchell (1920- ) |
1978 | The chemiosmotic theory of biological energy transfer |
|
Herbert Charles Brown (1912- ) Georg Friedrich Karl Wittig (1897-1987) |
1979 | Boron and phosphorus compounds (respectively) in organic synthesis |
|
Paul Berg (1926- ) Walter Gilbert (1932- ) Frederick Sanger (1918- ) |
1980 |
Biochemistry of nucleic acids (esp. recombinant DNA) Determination of base sequences in nucleic acids |
|
Kenichi Fukui (1918- ) Roald Hoffmann (1937- ) |
1981 | Theories of the course of chemical reactions |
|
Aaron Klug (1926- ) |
1982 | Crystallographic electron microscopy; structural elucidation of nucleic acid-protein complexes |
|
Henry Taube (1915- ) |
1983 | Mechanisms of electron transfer reactions in metal complexes |
|
Robert Bruce Merrifield (1921- ) |
1984 | Methods of chemical synthesis on a solid matrix |
|
Herbert Aaron Hauptmann (1917- ) Jerome Karle (1917- ) |
1985 | Direct methods for determination of crystal structures |
|
Dudley Robert Herschbach (1932- ) Yuan Tseh Lee (1936- ) John Charles Polanyi (1929- ) |
1986 | Dynamics of elementary chemical processes |
|
Charles Pedersen (1904-1988) Donald Cram (1919- ) Jean-Marie Lehn (1939- ) |
1987 | Development and application of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity |
|
Johann Deisenhofer (1943- ) Robert Huber (1937- ) Hartmut Michel (1946- ) |
1988 | Photosynthesis |
|
Sidney Altman (1939- ) Thomas Cech (1948- ) |
1989 | Catalytic function of the genetic material RNA |
|
Elias James Corey (1928- ) |
1990 | Novel chemical synthesis |
|
Richard Ernst (1933- ) |
1991 | Development of mthodology of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy |
|
Rudolph A. Marcus (1923- ) |
1992 | Theory of electron transfer reactions |
|
Kary B. Mullen (1944- ) Michael Smith (1932- ) |
1993 | Invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method Oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenisis for protein studies |
|
George A. Olah (1927- ) |
1994 | Carbocation chemistry |
|
Paul Crutzen (1933- ) Mario Molina F. Sherwood Rowland |
1995 | Atmospheric chemistry: formation and decomposition of ozone |
|
Robert F. Curl, Jr. (1933- ) Harold W. Kroto (1939- ) Richard E. Smalley (1943- ) |
1996 | Discovery of fullerenes |
|
Paul D. Boyer (1918- ) John E. Walker (1941- ) Jens C. Skou (1918- ) |
1997 |
Enzymatic mechanism of ATP synthesis Ion-transporting Na+, K+-ATPase |
|
Walter Kohn (1923- ) John A. Pople (1925- ) |
1998 |
Density functional theory. Development of computational methods in quantum chemistry |
|
Ahmed Zewail (1946- ) |
1999 | Determination of transition states by femtosecond spectroscopy |
|
Alan J. Heeger (1936- ) Alan G. MacDiarmid (1927- ) Hideki Shirakawa (1936- ) |
2000 | Conductive polymers |
|
William S. Knowles (1917- ) Ryoji Noyori (1938- ) K. Barry Sharpless (1941- ) |
2001 |
Chirally catalyzed hydrogenation reactions Chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions |
|
John B. Fenn (1917- ) Koichi Tanaka (1959- ) Kurt Wüthrich (1938- ) |
2002 |
Soft Desorption methods for mass spectrographic analysis of biological macromolecules 3D structure of biological macromolecules in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy |
| Peter Agre (1949- ) Roderick MacKinnon |
2003 | Discovery of water channels Structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels |
A
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Alder, Kurt Altman, Sidney Anfinsen, Christian Boehmer Arrhenius, Svante August Aston, Francis William
B
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von Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf Barton, Derek Harold Richard Barton Berg, Paul Bergius, Friedrich Bosch, Carl Butenandt, Adolf Brown, Herbert Charles Buchner, Eduard
C
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Calvin, Melvin Cech, Thomas Corey, Elias James Cornforth, John Warcup Cram, Donald Curie, Marie Sklodowska
D
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Debye, Peter Joseph William Diels, Otto Paul Hermann Deisenhofer, Johann
E
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Eigen, Manfred Ernst, Richard von Euler-Chelpin, Hans Karl August Simon
F
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Fischer, Emil Hermann Fischer, Ernst Otto Fischer, Hans Flory, Paul John Fukui, Kenichi
G
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Giauque, William Francis Gilbert, Walter Grignard, Françoise August Victor
H
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Haber, Fritz Hahn, Otto Harden, Arthur Hassel, Odd Hauptmann, Herbert Aaron Haworth, Walter Norman Herschbach, Dudley Robert Herzberg, Gerhard Hevesy, George Charles Heyrovsky, Jaraslav Hinshelwood, Cyril Norman Hodgkin, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot van't Hoff, Jacobus Henricus Hoffmann, Roald Huber, Robert
I
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J
Back to top Joliot, Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène
K
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Karle, Jerome Karrer,, Paul Kendrew, John Cowdery Klug, Aaron Kuhn, Richard
L
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Langmuir, Irving Lee, Yuan Tseh Lehn, Jean-Marie Leloir, Luis Federico Libby, Willard Frank Lipscomb, William Nunn
M
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Martin, Archer John Porter McMillan, Edwin Mattison Merrifield, Robert Bruce Michel, Hartmut Mitchell, Peter Dennis Moissan, Ferdinand-Frédérick Henri Moore, Stanford Mulliken, Robert Sanderson
N
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Natta, Guilio Nernst, Hermann Walther Norrish, Ronald George Wreyford Northrop, John Howard
O
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Onsager, Lars Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm
P
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Pauling, Linus Pedersen, Charles Perutz, Max Ferdinand Polanyi, John Charles Porter, George Pregl, Fritz Prelog, Vladimir Prigogine, Ilya
Q
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R
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Ramsay, William Richards, Theodore William Robinson, Robert Rutherford, Ernest Ruzicka, Leopold Stephen
S
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Sabatier, Paul Sanger, Frederick (his first Nobel prize) Sanger, Frederick Seaborg, Glenn Theodore Semenov, Nikolai Nikolaevich Soddy, Frederick Stanley, Wendell Meredith Staudinger, Hermann Stein, William Howard Sumner, James Batcheller Svedberg, Theodor Synge, Richard Laurence Millington
T
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Taube, Henry Tiselius, Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Todd, Alexander Robertus
U
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Urey, Harold Clayton
V
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van't Hoff, Jacobus Henricus du Vigneaud, Vincent Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari
W
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Wallach, Otto Werner, Alfred Wieland, Heinrich Otto Wilkinson, Geoffrey Willstätter, Richard Martin Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold Wittig, Georg Friedrich Karl Woodward, Robert Burns
X
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Y
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Z
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Ziegler, Karl Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf
A
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agriculture alicyclic compounds alkaloids amino acid sequence (and biologically active conformation) ammonia (optimization of synthesis) Analysis